Ruby on Rails is an open-source web framework that's optimized for programmer happiness and sustainable productivity.This is a full-stack framework that allows creating pages and applications that gather information from the web server, talk to or query the database, and render templates out of the box. As a output, Rails features a routing system that is independent of the web server.Ruby on Rails is a breakthrough in lowering the barriers of entry to programming.Powerful web applications that formerly might have taken weeks or monthsto develop can be produced in a matter of days.Rails is used to make building web applications simpler by utilizing convention over configuration. In doing so Rails greatly simplifies the creation of certain applications while complicating the creation of others.
Ruby on Rails uses the model–view–controller (MVC) pattern to organize application programming like many web frameworks. A model in the Ruby on Rails framework maps to a table in a database, and also a Ruby file. A model class User will usually be defined as in the file user.rb in the app/models directory, and it is linked to the table users in the database. Developers can choose any model name, file name or database table name. But this is not common practice and usually discouraged according to the"convention over configuration" philosophy. A controller is a component of Rails that responds to external requests from the web server to the application by determining which view file to render. This controller is also have to query of one or more models directly for information and pass these on to the view. A controller may be provide one or more actions. In Ruby on Rails, an action is typically a basic unit that defines how to respond to a specific external web-browser request. Also note that the controller/action can be accessible for external web requests only if a corresponding route is mapped to it. Rails encourages developers to use RESTful routes, which include actions such as create, new, edit, update, destroy, show, and index. These mappings of incoming requests/routes to controller actions can be easily set up in the routes configuration file.
A view in the default configuration of Rails is an erb file, which is a compiled to HTML at run-time. And Many other templating systems can be used for views. Ruby on Rails includes tools that which make common development tasks easier out of the box, such as scaffolding that may automatically construct some of the models and views needed for a basic website. Also included are WEBrick, a simple Ruby web server that is distributed with Ruby, and Rake, a build system, distributed as a gem. These Together with Ruby on Rails, these tools provide a basic development environment.Ruby on Rails is mostly commonly not connected to the Internet directly, but from some front-end web server. Mongrel was generally preferred over WEBrick in the early days,[citation needed] but it can also run on Lighttpd, Apache, Cherokee, Hiawatha, nginx, and many others. From 2008 onwards, the Passenger web server replaced Mongrel as the most-used web server for Ruby on Rails.Ruby is also supported natively on the IBM i.Ruby on Rails is also noteworthy for its extensive use of the JavaScript libraries Prototype and Script.aculo.us for Ajax.Ruby on Rails initially utilized lightweight SOAP for web services; this was later replaced by RESTful web services. Ruby on Rails 3.0 uses a technique called Unobtrusive JavaScript to separate the functionality (or logic) from the structure of the web page. jQuery is fully supported as a replacement for Prototype and is the default JavaScript library in Rails 3.1, reflecting an industry-wide move towards jQuery. Additionally, CoffeeScript was introduced in Rails 3.1 as the default Javascript language. Since version 2.0, Ruby on Rails offers both HTML and XML as standard output formats. The latter is the facility for RESTful web services. Rails 3.1 introduced Sass as standard CSS templating. the server uses Embedded Ruby in the HTML views, with files having an html.erb extension. Rails supports swapping-in alternative templating languages, such as HAML and Mustache.Ruby on Rails 3.0 has been designed to work with Ruby 1.8.7, Ruby 1.9.2, and JRuby 1.5.2+; earlier versions are not supported. Rails 3.2 series is the last series to support Ruby 1.8.7.
Ruby on Rails is separated into various packages, namely ActiveRecord (an object-relational mapping system for database access), ActiveResource (provides web services), ActionPack, ActiveSupport and ActionMailer. Prior to version 2.0, Ruby on Rails also included the Action Web Service package that is now replaced by Active Resource. Apart from standard packages, developers can make plugins to extend existing packages. Rails 3.2 deprecates the old plugins Rails 2-3-stable style in which plugins are to be placed under vendor/plugins, in favor of packaged gems. Ruby on Rails is often installed using RubyGems, a package manager which is included with current versions of Ruby. Many free Unix-like systems also support installation of Ruby on Rails and its dependencies through their native package management system.Ruby on Rails is typically deployed with a database server such as MySQL or PostgreSQL, and a web server such as Apache running the Phusion Passenger module.Before Ruby on Rails, web programming required a lot of verbiage, steps and time.Now, web designers and software engineers can develop a website much faster and more simply, enabling them to be more productiveand effective in their work.
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